WebCPC CPC COOPERATIVE PATENT CLASSIFICATION

F28F　DETAILS OF HEAT-EXCHANGE AND HEAT-TRANSFER APPARATUS, OF GENERAL APPLICATION (water and air traps, air venting F16)

F28F 1/00 Tubular elements; Assemblies of tubular elements (specially adapted for movement F28F 5/00)

F28F 1/003 ・{Multiple wall conduits, e.g. for leak detection (leak-detection in metal cooled nuclear reactor steam generators F22B 1/066)}

F28F 1/006 ・{with variable shape, e.g. with modified tube ends, with different geometrical features (F28F 1/025, F28F 1/06, F28F 1/08, F28F 9/16, F28F 9/18 take precedence)}

F28F 1/02 ・Tubular elements of cross-section which is non-circular (F28F 1/08, F28F 1/10 take precedence)

F28F 1/022 ・・{with multiple channels }

F28F 1/025 ・・{with variable shape. e.g. with modified tube ends, with different geometrical features (F28F 1/06, F28F 1/08, F28F 9/16, F28F 9/18 take precedence)}

F28F 1/04 ・・polygonal, e.g. rectangular {(F28F 1/022 takes precedence)}

F28F 1/045 ・・・{with assemblies of stacked elements}

F28F 1/06 ・・crimped or corrugated in cross-section

F28F 1/08 ・Tubular elements crimped or corrugated in longitudinal section

F28F 1/10 ・Tubular lements and assemblies thereof with means for increasing heat-transfer area, e.g. with fins, with projections, with recesses (crimped or corrugated elements F28F 1/06, F28F 1/08)

F28F 1/105 ・・{the means being corrugated elements extending around the tubular elements}

F28F 1/12 ・・the means being only outside the tubular element

F28F 1/122 ・・・{and being formed of wires}

F28F 1/124 ・・・{and being formed of pins}

F28F 1/126 ・・・{consisting of zig-zag shaped fins (F28F 1/105 takes precedence)}

F28F 1/128 ・・・・{Fins with openings, e.g. louvered fins}

F28F 1/14 ・・・and extending longitudinally (F28F 1/38 takes precedence)

F28F 1/16 ・・・・the means being integral with the element, e.g. formed by extrusion (F28F 1/22 takes precedence)

F28F 1/18 ・・・・・the element being built-up from finned sections

F28F 1/20 ・・・・the means being attachable to the element (F28F 1/22 takes precedence)

F28F 1/22 ・・・・the means having portions engaging further tubular elements

F28F 1/24 ・・・and extending transversely (F28F 1/38 takes precedence)

F28F 1/26 ・・・・the means being integral with the element (F28F 1/32 takes precedence)

F28F 1/28 ・・・・・the element being built-up from finned sections

F28F 1/30 ・・・・the means being attachable to the element (F28F 1/32 takes precedence)

F28F 1/32 ・・・・the means having portions engaging further tubular elements

F28F 1/325 ・・・・・{Fins with openings}

F28F 1/34 ・・・and extending obliquely (F28F 1/38 takes precedence)

F28F 1/36 ・・・・the means being helically wound fins or wire spirals

F28F 1/38 ・・・and being staggered to form tortuous fluid passages

F28F 1/40 ・・the means being only inside the tubular element

F28F 1/405 ・・・{and being formed of wires}

F28F 1/42 ・・the means being both outside and inside the tubular element

F28F 1/422 ・・・{with outside means integral with the tubular element and inside means integral with the tubular element (F28F 1/424 takes precedence)}

F28F 1/424 ・・・{Means comprising outside portions integral with inside portions}

F28F 1/426 ・・・・{the outside portions and the inside portions forming parts of complementary shape, e.g. concave and convex}

F28F 1/44 ・・・and being formed of wire mesh

F28F 3/00 Plate-like or laminated elements; Assemblies of plate-like or laminated elements (specially adapted for movement F28F 5/00)

F28F 3/005 ・{Arrangements for preventing direct contact between different heat-exchange media (F28F 3/10 takes precedence)}

F28F 3/02 ・Elements or assemblies thereof with means for increasing heat-transfer area, e.g. with fins, with recesses, with corrugations (F28F 3/08{F28F 3/08D} takes precedence)

F28F 3/022 ・・{the means being wires or pins}

F28F 3/025 ・・{the means being corrugated, plate-like elements}

F28F 3/027 ・・・{with openings, e.g. louvered corrugated fins; Assemblies of corrugated strips}

F28F 3/04 ・・the means being integral with the element

F28F 3/042 ・・・{in the form of local deformations of the element}

F28F 3/044 ・・・・{the deformations being pontual, e.g. dimples}

F28F 3/046 ・・・・{the deformations being linear, e.g. corrugations}

F28F 3/048 ・・・{in the form of ribs integral with the element or local variations in thickness of the element, e.g. grooves, microchannels}

F28F 3/06 ・・the means being attachable to the element

F28F 3/08 ・Elements constructed for building-up into stacks, e.g. capable of being taken apart for cleaning

F28F 3/083 ・・{capable of being taken apart}

F28F 3/086 ・・{having one or more openings therein forming tubular heat-exchange passages}

F28F 3/10 ・・Arrangements for sealing the margins

F28F 3/12 ・Elements constructed in the shape of a hollow panel, e.g. with channels {(F28D 1/02, F28D 1/03 take precedence)}

F28F 3/14 ・・by separating portions of a pair of joined sheets to form channels, e.g. by inflation (manufacture thereof B23P)

F28F 5/00 Elements specially adapted for movement (arrangements for moving the elements, see the appropriate subclass for the apparatus concerned)

F28F 5/02 ・Rotary drums or rollers

F28F 5/04 ・Hollow impellers, e.g. stirring vane

F28F 5/06 ・Hollow screw conveyers

F28F 7/00 Elements not covered by group F28F 1/00, F28F 3/00 or F28F 5/00

F28F 7/02 ・Blocks traversed by passages for heat-exchange media {(F28D 7/0008 takes precedence)}

F28F 9/00 Casings; Header boxes; Auxiliary supports for elements; Auxiliary members within casings

F28F 9/001 ・{Casings in the form of plate-like arrangements; Frames enclosing a heat exchange core}

F28F 9/002 ・・{with fastening means for other structures}

F28F 9/005 ・{Other auxiliary members within casings, e.g. internal filling means or sealing means}

F28F 9/007 ・Auxiliary supports for elements

F28F 9/0075 ・・{Supports for plates or plate assemblies}

F28F 9/013 ・・for tubes or tube-assemblies

F28F 9/0131 ・・・{formed by plates (F28F 9/0138 takes precedence)}

F28F 9/0132 ・・・{formed by slats, tie-rods, articulated or expandable rods}

F28F 9/0133 ・・・{formed by concentric strips}

F28F 9/0135 ・・・{formed by grids having only one tube per closed grid opening (F28F 9/0132 and F28F 9/0133 take precedence)}

F28F 9/0136 ・・・・{formed by intersecting strips}

F28F 9/0137 ・・・{formed by wires, e.g. helically coiled (F28F 9/0135 takes precedence)}

F28F 9/0138 ・・・{formed by sleeves for finned tubes}

F28F 9/02 ・Header boxes; End plates

F28F 9/0202 ・・{Header boxes having their inner space divided by partitions}

F28F 9/0204 ・・・{for elongated header box, e.g. with transversal and longitudinal partitions}

F28F 9/0207 ・・・・{the longitudinal or transversal partitions being separate elements attached to header boxes (F28F 9/0212, F28F 9/0217 take precedence)}

F28F 9/0209 ・・・・{having only transversal partitions}

F28F 9/0212 ・・・・・{the partitions being separate elements attached to header boxes}

F28F 9/0214 ・・・・{having only longitudinal partitions}

F28F 9/0217 ・・・・・{the partitions being separate elements attached to header boxes}

F28F 9/0219 ・・{Arrangements for sealing end plates into casing or header box; Header box sub-elements (F28F 9/0236 takes precedence)}

F28F 9/0221 ・・・{Header boxes or end plates formed by stacked elements}

F28F 9/0224 ・・・{Header boxes formed by sealing end plates into covers (F28F 9/0221 takes precedence)}

F28F 9/0226 ・・・・{with resilient gaskets}

F28F 9/0229 ・・{Double end plates; Single end plates with hollow spaces}

F28F 9/0231 ・・{Header boxes having an expansion chamber}

F28F 9/0234 ・・{having a second heat exchanger disposed there within, e.g. oil cooler}

F28F 9/0236 ・・{floating elements}

F28F 9/0239 ・・・{floating header boxes}

F28F 9/0241 ・・・{floating end plates}

F28F 9/0243 ・・{Header boxes having a circular cross-section}

F28F 9/0246 ・・{Arrangements for connecting header boxes with flow lines}

F28F 9/0248 ・・・{Arrangements for sealing connectors to header boxes}

F28F 9/0251 ・・・{Massive connectors, e.g. blocks; Plate-like connectors}

F28F 9/0253 ・・・・{with multiple channels, e.g. with combined inflow and outflow channels}

F28F 9/0256 ・・・{Arrangements for coupling connectors with flow lines}

F28F 9/0258 ・・・・{of quick acting type, e.g. with snap action}

F28F 9/026 ・・{with static flow control means, e.g. with means for uniformly distributing heat exchange media into conduits}

F28F 9/0263 ・・・{by varying the geometry or cross-section of header box}

F28F 9/0265 ・・・{by using guiding means or impingement means inside the header box}

F28F 9/0268 ・・・・{in the form of multiple deflectors for channeling the heat exchange medium}

F28F 9/027 ・・・{in the form of distribution pipes}

F28F 9/0273 ・・・・{with multiple holes}

F28F 9/0275 ・・・・{with multiple branch pipes}

F28F 9/0278 ・・・{in the form of stacked distribution plates or perforated plates arranged over end plates}

F28F 9/028 ・・・{by using inserts for modifying the pattern of flow inside the header box, e.g. by using flow restrictors or permeable bodies or blocks with channels}

F28F 9/0282 ・・・{by varying the geometry of conduit ends, e.g. by using inserts or attachments for modifying the pattern of flow at the conduit inlet or outlet}

F28F 9/04 ・・Arrangements for sealing elements into header boxes or end plates {arrangements for sealing flow lines connectors to header boxes F28F 9/0248}

F28F 9/06 ・・・by dismountable joints

F28F 9/08 ・・・・by wedge-type connections, e.g. taper ferrule

F28F 9/10 ・・・・by screw-type connections, e.g. gland

F28F 9/12 ・・・・by flange-type connections

F28F 9/14 ・・・・by force-joining

F28F 9/16 ・・・by permanent joints, e.g. by rolling (metal-working procedures in general B21, B32; particularly B21D 39/06, B23K)

F28F 9/162 ・・・・{by using bonding or sealing substances, e.g. adhesives (F28F 9/18 takes precedence)}

F28F 9/165 ・・・・{by using additional preformed parts, e.g. sleeves, gaskets (F28F 9/185 takes precedence)}

F28F 9/167 ・・・・・{the parts being inserted in the heat-exchange conduits}

F28F 9/18 ・・・・by welding

F28F 9/182 ・・・・・{the heat-exchange conduits having ends with a particular shape, e.g. deformed; the heat-exchange conduits or end plates having supplementary joining means, e.g. abutments}

F28F 9/185 ・・・・・{with additional preformed parts}

F28F 9/187 ・・・・・{at least one of the parts being non-metallic, e.g. heat-sealing plastic elements}

F28F 9/20 ・Arrangements of heat reflectors, e.g. separately-insertible reflecting walls

F28F 9/22 ・Arrangements for directing heat-exchange media into successive compartments, e.g. arrangements of guide plates

F28F 9/24 ・Arrangements for promoting turbulent flow of heat-exchange media, e.g. by plates (F28F 1/38 takes precedence; in general F15D)

F28F 9/26 ・Arrangements for connecting different sections of heat-exchange elements, e.g. of radiators (connecting different sections in water heaters F24H 9/14, {connecting headers with inlet or outlet fittings F28F 9/04B})

F28F 9/262 ・・{for radiators (F28D 1/0408 takes precedence)}

F28F 9/264 ・・・{by sleeves, nipples}

F28F 9/266 ・・・{by screw-type connections}

F28F 9/268 ・・・{by permanent joints, e.g. by welding}

F28F 11/00 Arrangements for sealing leaky tubes and conduits (stopping flow from or in pipes in general F16L 55/10)

F28F 11/02 ・using obturating elements, e.g. washers, inserted and operated independently of each other (F28F 11/06 takes precedence)

F28F 11/04 ・using pairs of obturating elements, e.g. washers, mounted upon central operating rods (F28F 11/06 takes precedence)

F28F 11/06 ・using automatic tube obturating appliances

F28F 13/00 Arrangements for modifying heat-transfer, e.g. increasing, decreasing (F28F 1/00 to F28F 11/00 take precedence)

F28F 13/003 ・{by using permeable mass, perforated or porous materials (F28F 13/18 takes precedence)}

F28F 13/02 ・by influencing fluid boundary (boundary-layer control in general F15D)

F28F 13/04 ・by preventing the formation of continuous films of condensate on heat-exchange surfaces, e.g. by promoting droplet formation {F28F 13/18 takes precedence}

F28F 13/06 ・by affecting the pattern of flow of the heat-exchange media {(F28F 13/003 takes precedence; static flow control means in header boxes F28F 9/026)}

F28F 13/08 ・・by varying the cross-section of the flow channels

F28F 13/10 ・・by imparting a pulsating motion to the flow, e.g. by sonic vibration

F28F 13/12 ・・by creating turbulence, e.g. by stirring, by increasing the force of circulation (F28F 13/08 takes precedence)

F28F 13/125 ・・・{by stirring}

F28F 13/14 ・by endowing the walls of conduits with zones of different degrees of conduction of heat

F28F 13/16 ・by applying an electrostatic field to the body of the heat-exchange medium

F28F 13/18 ・by applying coatings, e.g. radiation-absorbing, radiation-reflecting; by surface treatment, e.g. polishing

F28F 13/182 ・・{especially adapted for evaporator or condenser surfaces (F28F 13/187 takes precedence)}

F28F 13/185 ・・{Heat-exchange surfaces provided with microstructures or with porous coatings}

F28F 13/187 ・・・{especially adapted for evaporator surfaces or condenser surfaces, e.g. with nucleation sites}

F28F 17/00 Removing ice or water from heat-exchange apparatus

F28F 17/005 ・{Means for draining condensates from heat exchangers, e.g. from evaporators (F28B 9/08 takes precedence)}

F28F 19/00 Preventing the formation of deposits or corrosion, e.g. by using filters {or scrapers}

F28F 19/002 ・{by using inserts or attachments}

F28F 19/004 ・{by using protective electric currents, voltages, cathodes, anodes, electric short-circuits}

F28F 19/006 ・{Preventing deposits of ice}

F28F 19/008 ・{by using scrapers}

F28F 19/01 ・by using means for separating solid materials from heat-exchange fluids, e.g. filters

F28F 19/02 ・by using coatings, e.g. vitreous or enamel coatings

F28F 19/04 ・・of rubber; of plastics material; of varnish

F28F 19/06 ・・of metal

F28F 21/00 Constructions of heat-exchange apparatus characterised by the selection of particular materials {(coatings for modifying heat-transfer F28F 13/18; coatings for preventing the formation of deposits or corrosion F28F 19/02)}

F28F 21/003 ・{for domestic or space-heating systems}

F28F 21/006 ・{of glass}

F28F 21/02 ・of carbon, e.g. graphite

F28F 21/04 ・of ceramic; of concrete; of natural stone

F28F 21/045 ・・{for domestic or space-heating systems}

F28F 21/06 ・of plastics material

F28F 21/061 ・・{for domestic or space-heating systems}

F28F 21/062 ・・{the heat-exchange apparatus employing tubular conduits}

F28F 21/063 ・・・{for domestic or space-heating systems}

F28F 21/065 ・・{the heat-exchange apparatus employing plate-like or laminated conduits}

F28F 21/066 ・・・{for domestic or space-heating systems}

F28F 21/067 ・・{Details}

F28F 21/068 ・・・{for domestic or space-heating systems}

F28F 21/08 ・of metal

F28F 21/081 ・・{Heat exchange elements made from metals or metal alloys}

F28F 21/082 ・・・{from steel or ferrous alloys}

F28F 21/083 ・・・・{from stainless steel}

F28F 21/084 ・・・{from aluminium or aluminium alloys}

F28F 21/085 ・・・{from copper or copper alloys}

F28F 21/086 ・・・{from titanium or titanium alloys}

F28F 21/087 ・・・{from nickel or nickel alloys}

F28F 21/088 ・・{for domestic or space-heating systems}

F28F 21/089 ・・{Coatings, claddings or bonding layers made from metals or metal alloys (F28F 19/06 takes precedence)}

F28F 23/00 Features relating to the use of intermediate heat-exchange materials, e.g. selection of compositions (heat-transfer, heat-exchange or heat-storage materials C09K 5/00)

F28F 23/02 ・Arrangements for obtaining or maintaining same in a liquid state

F28F 25/00 Component parts of trickle coolers (arrangements for increasing heat transfer F28F 13/00; controlling arrangements F28F 27/00)

F28F 25/02 ・for distributing, circulating, and accumulating liquid (spraying or atomising in general B05B, B05D)

F28F 25/04 ・・Distributing or accumulator troughs

F28F 25/06 ・・Spray nozzles or spray pipes

F28F 25/08 ・・Splashing boards or grids, e.g. for converting liquid sprays into liquid films; Elements or beds for increasing the area of the contact surface (packing elements per se B01J 19/30, B01J 19/32)

F28F 25/082 ・・・{Spaced elongated bars, laths; Supports therefor}

F28F 25/085 ・・・{Substantially horizontal grids; Blocks}

F28F 25/087 ・・・{Vertical or inclined sheets; Supports or spacers}

F28F 25/10 ・for feeding gas or vapour

F28F 25/12 ・・Ducts; Guide vanes, e.g. for carrying currents to distinct zones

F28F 27/00 Control arrangements or safety devices specially adapted for heat-exchange or heat-transfer apparatus (control arrangements in general G05)

F28F 27/003 ・{specially adapted for cooling towers}

F28F 27/006 ・{specially adapted for regenerative heat-exchange apparatus}

F28F 27/02 ・for controlling the distribution of heat-exchange media between different channels ({static flow control means in header boxes F28F 9/026}; arrangements of guide plates or guide vanes F28F 9/22, F28F 25/12)

F28F 99/00 Subject matter not provided for in other groups of this subclass

F28F 2001/00 Tubular elements; Assemblies of tubular elements (specially adapted for movement F28F 5/00)

F28F 2001/02 ・Tubular elements of cross-section which is non-circular (F28F 1/08, F28F 1/10 take precedence)

F28F 2001/027 ・・with dimples

F28F 2001/10 ・Tubular lements and assemblies thereof with means for increasing heat-transfer area, e.g. with fins, with projections, with recesses (crimped or corrugated elements F28F 1/06, F28F 1/08)

F28F 2001/42 ・・the means being both outside and inside the tubular element

F28F 2001/428 ・・・Particular methods for manufacturing outside or inside fins

F28F 2009/00 Casings; Header boxes; Auxiliary supports for elements; Auxiliary members within casings

F28F 2009/001 ・{Casings in the form of plate-like arrangements; Frames enclosing a heat exchange core}

F28F 2009/004 ・・Common frame elements for multiple cores

F28F 2009/02 ・Header boxes; End plates

F28F 2009/0285 ・・Other particular headers or end plates

F28F 2009/0287 ・・・having passages for different heat exchange media

F28F 2009/029 ・・・with increasing or decreasing cross-section, e.g. having conical shape

F28F 2009/0292 ・・・with fins

F28F 2009/0295 ・・・comprising cooling circuits

F28F 2009/0297 ・・・Side headers, e.g. for radiators having conduits laterally connected to common header

F28F 2009/22 ・Arrangements for directing heat-exchange media into successive compartments, e.g. arrangements of guide plates

F28F 2009/222 ・・Particular guide plates, baffles or deflectors, e.g. having particular orientation relative to an elongated casing or conduit

F28F 2009/224 ・・・Longitudinal partitions

F28F 2009/226 ・・・Transversal partitions

F28F 2009/228 ・・・Oblique partitions

F28F 2013/00 Arrangements for modifying heat-transfer, e.g. increasing, decreasing (F28F 1/00 to F28F 11/00 take precedence)

F28F 2013/001 ・Particular heat conductive materials, e.g. superconductive elements (for thermal joints F28F 2013/006)

F28F 2013/005 ・Thermal joints

F28F 2013/006 ・・Heat conductive materials

F28F 2013/008 ・・Variable conductance materials; Thermal switches

F28F 2025/00 Component parts of trickle coolers (arrangements for increasing heat transfer F28F 13/00; controlling arrangements F28F 27/00)

F28F 2025/005 ・Liquid collection; Liquid treatment; Liquid recirculation; Addition of make-up liquid

F28F 2200/00 Prediction; Simulation; Testing (measuring quantity of heat conveyed by flowing mediums G01K 17/06)

F28F 2200/005 ・Testing heat pipes

F28F 2210/00 Heat exchange conduits

F28F 2210/02 ・with particular branching, e.g. fractal conduit arrangements

F28F 2210/04 ・Arrangements of conduits common to different heat exchange sections, the conduits having channels for different circuits

F28F 2210/06 ・having walls comprising obliquely extending corrugations, e.g. in the form of threads

F28F 2210/08 ・Assemblies of conduits having different features

F28F 2210/10 ・Particular layout, e.g. for uniform temperature distribution

F28F 2215/00 Fins

F28F 2215/02 ・Arrangements of fins common to different heat exchange sections, the fins being in contact with different heat exchange media

F28F 2215/04 ・Assemblies of fins having different features, e.g. with different fin densities

F28F 2215/06 ・Hollow fins; fins with internal circuits

F28F 2215/08 ・with openings, e.g. louvers (zig-zag fins with openings F28F 1/128, common transversal fins with openings F28F 1/325, corrugated fins with openings F28F 3/027)

F28F 2215/10 ・Secondary fins, e.g. projections or recesses on main fins

F28F 2215/12 ・with U-shaped slots for laterally inserting conduits

F28F 2215/14 ・in the form of movable or loose fins

F28F 2220/00 Closure means, e.g. end caps on header boxes or plugs on conduits

F28F 2225/00 Reinforcing means

F28F 2225/02 ・for casings

F28F 2225/04 ・for conduits

F28F 2225/06 ・for fins

F28F 2225/08 ・for header boxes

F28F 2230/00 Sealing means

F28F 2235/00 Means for filling gaps between elements, e.g. between conduits within casings

F28F 2240/00 Spacing means

F28F 2245/00 Coatings; Surface treatments

F28F 2245/02 ・hydrophilic

F28F 2245/04 ・hydrophobic

F28F 2245/06 ・having particular radiating, reflecting or absorbing features, e.g. for improving heat transfer by radiation

F28F 2245/08 ・self-cleaning

F28F 2250/00 Arrangements for modifying the flow of the heat exchange media (in general F28F 13/06), e.g. flow guiding means (in casings F28F 9/22); Particular flow patterns

F28F 2250/02 ・Streamline-shaped elements

F28F 2250/04 ・Communication passages between channels

F28F 2250/06 ・Derivation channels, e.g. bypass

F28F 2250/08 ・Fluid driving means, e.g. pumps, fans

F28F 2250/10 ・Particular pattern of flow of the heat exchange media

F28F 2250/102 ・・with change of flow direction

F28F 2250/104 ・・with parallel flow

F28F 2250/106 ・・with cross flow

F28F 2250/108 ・・with combined cross flow and parallel flow

F28F 2255/00 Heat exchanger elements made of materials having special features or resulting from particular manufacturing processes

F28F 2255/02 ・Flexible elements

F28F 2255/04 ・comprising shape memory alloys or bimetallic elements

F28F 2255/06 ・composite, e.g. polymers with fillers or fibres

F28F 2255/08 ・pressed; stamped; deep-drawn

F28F 2255/10 ・made by hydroforming

F28F 2255/12 ・expanded or perforated metal plate

F28F 2255/14 ・molded

F28F 2255/143 ・・injection molded

F28F 2255/146 ・・overmolded

F28F 2255/16 ・extruded

F28F 2255/18 ・sintered

F28F 2255/20 ・with nanostructures

F28F 2260/00 Heat exchangers or heat exchange elements having special size, e.g. microstructures (micro heat pipes F28D 2015/0225; nanostructures F28F 2255/20)

F28F 2260/02 ・having microchannels

F28F 2265/00 Safety or protection arrangements; Arrangements for preventing malfunction (control or monitoring devices F28F 27/00)

F28F 2265/02 ・in the form of screens or covers (heat shields F28F 2265/10)

F28F 2265/06 ・by using means for draining heat exchange media from heat exchangers

F28F 2265/10 ・for preventing overheating, e.g. heat shields (thermal insulation F28F 2270/00)

F28F 2265/12 ・for preventing overpressure

F28F 2265/14 ・for preventing damage by freezing, e.g. for accommodating volume expansion

F28F 2265/16 ・for preventing leakage

F28F 2265/18 ・for removing contaminants, e.g. for degassing

F28F 2265/20 ・for preventing development of microorganisms

F28F 2265/22 ・for draining

F28F 2265/24 ・for electrical insulation

F28F 2265/26 ・for allowing differential expansion between elements (floating header box elements F28F 9/0236)

F28F 2265/28 ・for preventing noise (by preventing vibrations F28F 2265/30)

F28F 2265/30 ・for preventing vibrations

F28F 2265/32 ・for limiting movements, e.g. stops, locking means

F28F 2270/00 Thermal insulation; Thermal decoupling

F28F 2270/02 ・by using blind conduits

F28F 2275/00 Fastening; Joining

F28F 2275/02 ・by using bonding materials (brazing F28F 2275/04); by embedding elements in particular materials

F28F 2275/025 ・・by using adhesives

F28F 2275/04 ・by brazing (brazing heat exchangers B23K 1/0012)

F28F 2275/045 ・・with particular processing steps, e.g. by allowing displacement of parts during brazing or by using a reservoir for storing brazing material

F28F 2275/06 ・by welding (welding heat exchangers L23K 101/14)

F28F 2275/061 ・・by diffusion bonding

F28F 2275/062 ・・by impact pressure or friction welding

F28F 2275/064 ・・by induction welding or by using microwaves

F28F 2275/065 ・・by ultrasonic or vibration welding

F28F 2275/067 ・・by laser welding

F28F 2275/068 ・・by explosive welding

F28F 2275/08 ・by clamping or clipping

F28F 2275/085 ・・with snap connection

F28F 2275/10 ・by force joining

F28F 2275/12 ・by methods involving deformation of the elements

F28F 2275/122 ・・by crimping, caulking or clinching

F28F 2275/125 ・・by bringing elements together and expanding

F28F 2275/127 ・・by shrinking

F28F 2275/14 ・by using form fitting connection, e.g. with tongue and groove

F28F 2275/143 ・・with pin and hole connections

F28F 2275/146 ・・with bayonet connections

F28F 2275/16 ・with toothed elements, e.g. with serrations

F28F 2275/18 ・by using wedge effect

F28F 2275/20 ・with threaded elements

F28F 2275/205 ・・with of tie-rods

F28F 2275/22 ・by using magnetic effect

F28F 2280/00 Mounting arrangements; Arrangements for facilitating assembling or disassembling of heat exchanger parts

F28F 2280/02 ・Removable elements

F28F 2280/04 ・Means for preventing wrong assembling of parts

F28F 2280/06 ・Adapter frames, e.g. for mounting heat exchanger cores on other structure and for allowing fluidic connections

F28F 2280/08 ・Tolerance compensating means

F28F 2280/10 ・Movable elements, e.g. being pivotable (elements specially adapted for movements F28F 5/00)

F28F 2280/105 ・・with hinged connections