WebCPC CPC COOPERATIVE PATENT CLASSIFICATION

B01L　CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL LABORATORY APPARATUS FOR GENERAL USE (apparatus for medical or pharmaceutical purposes A61; apparatus for industrial purposes or laboratory apparatus whose construction and performance are comparable to that of similar industrial apparatus, see the relevant classes for industrial apparatus, particularly subclasses of B01 and C12; separating or distilling apparatus B01D; mixing or stirring devices B01F; atomisers B05B; {vibrating devices, e.g. shaking tables,} sieves B07B; corks, bungs B65D; handling liquids in general B67; vacuum pumps F04; siphons F04F 10/00; taps, stop-cocks F16K; tubes, tube joints F16L; apparatus specially adapted for investigating or analysing materials G01, particularly G01N; electrical or optical apparatus, see the relevant classes in Sections G and H)

B01L 1/00 Enclosures; Chambers (fume cupboards B08B; provided with manipulation devices, glove boxes B25J; cooling chambers F25D)

B01L 1/02 ・Air-pressure chambers; Air-locks therefor

B01L 1/025 ・・{Environmental chambers (incubators for culturing cells C12M 41/14, Test chambers to test weather resistance G01N 17/002)}

B01L 1/04 ・Dust-free rooms or enclosures {(clean rooms suitable for industrial purposes F24F 3/161)}

B01L 1/50 ・{for storing hazardous materials in the laboratory, e.g. cupboards, waste containers}

B01L 3/00 Containers or dishes for laboratory use, e.g. laboratory glassware (bottles B65D; apparatus for enzymology or microbiology {specially adapted for culturing}C12M 1/00); Droppers (receptacles for volumetric purposes G01F)

B01L 3/02 ・Burettes; Pipettes

B01L 3/0203 ・・{Burettes, i.e. for withdrawing and redistributing liquids through different conduits}

B01L 3/0206 ・・・{of the plunger pump type}

B01L 3/021 ・・{Pipettes, i.e. with only one conduit for withdrawing and redistributing liquids}

B01L 3/0213 ・・・{Accessories for glass pipettes; Gun-type pipettes, e.g. safety devices, pumps}

B01L 3/0217 ・・・{of the plunger pump type (medical syringes A61M)}

B01L 3/022 ・・・・{Capillary pipettes, i.e. having very small bore (B01L 3/0224 to B01L 3/0237 take precedence)}

B01L 3/0224 ・・・・{having mechanical means to set stroke length, e.g. movable stops (B01L 3/0231, B01L 3/0234 take precedence)}

B01L 3/0227 ・・・・{Details of motor drive means (B01L 3/0231, B01L 3/0234 take precedence)}

B01L 3/0231 ・・・・{having several coaxial pistons}

B01L 3/0234 ・・・・{Repeating pipettes, i.e. for dispensing multiple doses from a single charge}

B01L 3/0237 ・・・・{Details of electronic control, e.g. relating to user interface}

B01L 3/0241 ・・{Drop counters; Drop formers (making arrays for combinatorial libraries B01J 19/0046; automation of dispensing for analysis G01N 35/10)}

B01L 3/0244 ・・・{using pins}

B01L 3/0248 ・・・・{Prongs, quill pen type dispenser}

B01L 3/0251 ・・・・{Pin and ring type or pin in tube type dispenser}

B01L 3/0255 ・・・・{characterized by the form or material of the pin tip}

B01L 3/0258 ・・・{using stamps}

B01L 3/0262 ・・・{using touch-off at substrate or container}

B01L 3/0265 ・・・{using valves to interrupt or meter fluid flow, e.g. using solenoids or metering valves}

B01L 3/0268 ・・・{using pulse dispensing or spraying, eg. inkjet type, piezo actuated ejection of droplets from capillaries}

B01L 3/0272 ・・・{Dropper bottles}

B01L 3/0275 ・・{Interchangeable or disposable dispensing tips}

B01L 3/0279 ・・・{co-operating with positive ejection means}

B01L 3/0282 ・・{mounted within a receptacle (wash bottles B01L 3/10)}

B01L 3/0286 ・・{Ergonomic aspects, e.g. form or arrangement of controls}

B01L 3/0289 ・・{Apparatus for withdrawing or distributing predetermined quantities of fluid (B01L 3/02 takes precedence; sample taking G01N 1/00; sample taking within automatic analysers G01N 35/00; volume measuring in general G01F)}

B01L 3/0293 ・・・{for liquids}

B01L 3/0296 ・・・・{from piercable tubing, e.g. in extracorporeal blood sampling}

B01L 3/04 ・Crucibles

B01L 3/06 ・Crystallising dishes

B01L 3/08 ・Flasks (specially adapted for distillation B01D{B01D 3/10})

B01L 3/10 ・Wash bottles

B01L 3/12 ・Gas jars or cylinders

B01L 3/14 ・Test tubes {(devices for taking samples of blood A61B 5/14)}(not used, see B01L 3/50 and subgroups)]

B01L 3/16 ・Retorts

B01L 3/18 ・Spatulas

B01L 3/50 ・{Containers for the purpose of retaining a material to be analysed, e.g. test tubes (devices for taking samples of blood A61B 5/14)}

B01L 3/502 ・・{with fluid transport, e.g. in multi-compartment structures (centrifugal-type cuvettes G01N 21/07; analysis by separation into components G01N 30/00; automatic analysers G01N 35/00)}

B01L 3/5021 ・・・{Test tubes specially adapted for centrifugation purposes (centrifuges B04B 5/04)}

B01L 3/50215 ・・・・{using a float to separate phases}

B01L 3/5023 ・・・{with a sample being transported to, and subsequently stored in an absorbent for analysis}

B01L 3/5025 ・・・{for parallel transport of multiple samples}

B01L 3/50255 ・・・・{Multi-well filtration}

B01L 3/5027 ・・・{by integrated micro-fluidic structures, i.e. dimensions of channels and chambers are such that surface tension forces are important, e.g. lab-on-a-chip (B01L 3/5023 takes precedence; micromixers B01F 13/0059; microreactors for synthesis B01J 19/0093; micro-capillary devices in general B81B 1/00)}

B01L 3/502707 ・・・・{characterised by the manufacture of the container or its components (manufacture of micro-structural devices in general B81C; by shaping or joining plastic parts B29C 59/00B29C 65/00, by laminating B32B 37/00)}

B01L 3/502715 ・・・・{characterised by interfacing components, e.g. fluidic, electrical, optical or mechanical interfaces}

B01L 3/502723 ・・・・{characterised by venting arrangements}

B01L 3/50273 ・・・・{characterised by the means or forces applied to move the fluids (micro pumps F04B 19/006, of the membrane type F04B 43/043)}

B01L 3/502738 ・・・・{characterised by integrated valves (microvalves F16K 99/0001)}

B01L 3/502746 ・・・・{characterised by the means for controlling flow resistance, e.g. flow controllers, baffles (B01L 3/502738 takes precedence)}

B01L 3/502753 ・・・・{characterised by bulk separation arrangements on lab-on-a-chip devices, e.g. for filtration or centrifugation (separation in general B01D; micro-apparatus for analysis using electrophoresis G01N 27/44791; sample preparation G01N 1/28)}

B01L 3/502761 ・・・・{specially adapted for handling suspended solids or molecules independently from the bulk fluid flow, e.g. for trapping or sorting beads, for physically stretching molecules (investigating characteristics of particles G01N 15/00)}

B01L 3/502769 ・・・・{characterised by multiphase flow arrangements}

B01L 3/502776 ・・・・・{specially adapted for focusing or laminating flows}

B01L 3/502784 ・・・・・{specially adapted for droplet or plug flow, e.g. digital micro-fluidics (automatic analysis using a stream of discrete samples in a tube system G01N 35/08)}

B01L 3/502792 ・・・・・・{for moving individual droplets on a plate, e.g. by locally altering surface tension}

B01L 3/5029 ・・・{using swabs}

B01L 3/505 ・・{flexible containers not provided for above}

B01L 3/5055 ・・・{Hinged, e.g. opposable surfaces}

B01L 3/508 ・・{rigid containers not provided for above}

B01L 3/5082 ・・・{Test tubes per se}

B01L 3/50825 ・・・・{Closing or opening means, corks, bungs (closures for containers B65D; means for removing stoppers B67B 7/02)}

B01L 3/5085 ・・・{for multiple samples, e.g. micro-titration plates}

B01L 3/50851 ・・・・{specially adapted for heating or cooling samples (laboratory heating apparatus B01L 7/00; incubators C12M)}

B01L 3/50853 ・・・・{with covers or lids}

B01L 3/50855 ・・・・{using modular assemblies of strips or of individual wells}

B01L 3/50857 ・・・・{using arrays or bundles of open capillaries for holding samples}

B01L 3/5088 ・・・{confining liquids at a location by surface tension, e.g. virtual wells on plates, wires (B01L 3/50857 takes precedence)}

B01L 3/52 ・{Containers specially adapted for storing or dispensing a reagent (B01L 3/02 takes precedence; containers for medical or pharmaceutical purposes A61J 1/00; containers in general B65D; storing or dispensing test elements G01N 33/4875; automated reagent dispensing G01N 35/1002)}

B01L 3/523 ・・{with means for closing or opening}

B01L 3/527 ・・{for a plurality of reagents}

B01L 3/54 ・{Labware with identification means (identification of carriers, materials or components in automatic analysers G01N 35/00732)}

B01L 3/545 ・・{for laboratory containers}

B01L 3/5453 ・・・{for test tubes}

B01L 3/5457 ・・・{for container closures}

B01L 3/56 ・{Labware specially adapted for transferring fluids}

B01L 3/561 ・・{Tubes; Conduits (in general F16L)}

B01L 3/563 ・・{Joints or fittings (in general F16L); Separable fluid transfer means to transfer fluids between at least two containers, e.g. connectors}

B01L 3/5635 ・・・{connecting two containers face to face, e.g. comprising a filter}

B01L 3/565 ・・{Seals (in general F16L)}

B01L 3/567 ・・{Valves, taps or stop-cocks (in combination with burettes B01L 3/0203; in general F16K)}

B01L 3/569 ・・{Glassware}

B01L 5/00 Gas handling apparatus (gas jars or cylinders B01L 3/12; cold traps, cold baffles B01D 8/00; separation of gases or vapours B01D 53/00; gas generators B01J 7/00; steam traps F16T)

B01L 5/02 ・Gas collection apparatus, e.g. by bubbling under water (for sampling G01N)

B01L 5/04 ・Gas washing apparatus, e.g. by bubbling

B01L 7/00 Heating or cooling apparatus (evaporators B01D 1/00; drying gases or vapours, e.g. desiccators, B01D 53/26; autoclaves B01J 3/04; drying ovens F26B; furnaces, ovens F27); Heat insulating devices

B01L 7/02 ・Water baths; Sand baths; Air baths

B01L 7/04 ・Heat insulating devices, e.g. jackets for flasks

B01L 7/50 ・{Cryostats}

B01L 7/52 ・{with provision for submitting samples to a predetermined sequence of different temperatures, e.g. for treating nucleic acid samples (amplification or hybridisation processes per se C12Q 1/68; controlling sequential reactions for synthesis B01J 19/00B8)}

B01L 7/525 ・・{with physical movement of samples between temperature zones}

B01L 7/5255 ・・・{by moving sample containers}

B01L 7/54 ・{using spatial temperature gradients}

B01L 9/00 Supporting devices; Holding devices (tweezers, tongs B25B)

B01L 9/02 ・Laboratory benches or tables; Fittings therefor

B01L 9/04 ・Retort stands; Retort clamps

B01L 9/06 ・Test-tube stands; Test-tube holders

B01L 9/065 ・・{specially adapted for capillary tubes}

B01L 9/50 ・{Clamping means, tongs (in general F16B 2/06)}

B01L 9/52 ・{Supports for flat sample carrier, e.g. used for plates, slides, chips}

B01L 9/523 ・・{for multisample carriers, e.g. used for microtitration plates}

B01L 9/527 ・・{for microfluidic devices, e.g. used for lab-on-a-chip}

B01L 9/54 ・{Supports related to pipettes and burettes}

B01L 9/543 ・・{for disposable pipette tips, e.g. racks or cassettes}

B01L 9/547 ・・{for dispensing pins}

B01L 99/00 Subject matter not provided for in other groups of this subclass {(chemical indicators in general G01N)}

B01L 2200/00 Solutions for specific problems relating to chemical or physical laboratory apparatus

B01L 2200/02 ・Adapting objects or devices to another

B01L 2200/021 ・・Adjust spacings in an array of wells, pipettes or holders, format transfer between arrays of different size or geometry

B01L 2200/022 ・・・Variable spacings

B01L 2200/023 ・・adapted for different sizes of tubes, tips or container

B01L 2200/025 ・・Align devices or objects to ensure defined positions relative to each other

B01L 2200/026 ・・Fluid interfacing between devices or objects, e.g. connectors, inlet details

B01L 2200/027 ・・・for microfluidic devices

B01L 2200/028 ・・Modular arrangements

B01L 2200/04 ・Exchange or ejection of cartridges, containers or reservoirs

B01L 2200/06 ・Fluid handling related problems

B01L 2200/0605 ・・Metering of fluids

B01L 2200/061 ・・Counting droplets

B01L 2200/0615 ・・Loss of fluid by dripping

B01L 2200/0621 ・・Control of the sequence of chambers filled or emptied

B01L 2200/0626 ・・using levitated droplets

B01L 2200/0631 ・・Purification arrangements, e.g. solid phase extraction (SPE)

B01L 2200/0636 ・・Focussing flows, e.g. to laminate flows

B01L 2200/0642 ・・Filling fluids into wells by specific techniques

B01L 2200/0647 ・・Handling flowable solids, e.g. microscopic beads, cells, particles

B01L 2200/0652 ・・・Sorting or classification of particles or molecules

B01L 2200/0657 ・・・Pipetting powder

B01L 2200/0663 ・・・Stretching or orienting elongated molecules or particles

B01L 2200/0668 ・・・Trapping microscopic beads

B01L 2200/0673 ・・Handling of plugs of fluid surrounded by immiscible fluid

B01L 2200/0678 ・・Facilitating or initiating evaporation

B01L 2200/0684 ・・Venting, avoiding backpressure, avoid gas bubbles

B01L 2200/0689 ・・Sealing

B01L 2200/0694 ・・Creating chemical gradients in a fluid

B01L 2200/08 ・Ergonomic or safety aspects of handling devices

B01L 2200/082 ・・Handling hazardous material

B01L 2200/085 ・・Protection against injuring the user

B01L 2200/087 ・・Ergonomic aspects

B01L 2200/10 ・Integrating sample preparation and analysis in single entity, e.g. lab-on-a-chip concept

B01L 2200/12 ・Specific details about manufacturing devices

B01L 2200/14 ・Process control and prevention of errors

B01L 2200/141 ・・Preventing contamination, tampering

B01L 2200/142 ・・Preventing evaporation

B01L 2200/143 ・・Quality control, feedback systems

B01L 2200/145 ・・・Detecting door closure

B01L 2200/146 ・・・Employing pressure sensors

B01L 2200/147 ・・・Employing temperature sensors

B01L 2200/148 ・・Specific details about calibrations

B01L 2200/16 ・Reagents, handling or storing thereof

B01L 2200/18 ・Transport of container or devices

B01L 2200/185 ・・Long distance transport, e.g. mailing

B01L 2300/00 Additional constructional details

B01L 2300/02 ・Identification, exchange or storage of information

B01L 2300/021 ・・Identification, e.g. bar codes

B01L 2300/022 ・・・Transponder chips

B01L 2300/023 ・・Sending and receiving of information, e.g. using bluetooth

B01L 2300/024 ・・Storing results with means integrated into the container

B01L 2300/025 ・・Displaying results or values with integrated means

B01L 2300/026 ・・・Drum counters

B01L 2300/027 ・・・Digital display, e.g. LCD, LED

B01L 2300/028 ・・・Graduation

B01L 2300/04 ・Closures and closing means

B01L 2300/041 ・・Connecting closures to device or container

B01L 2300/042 ・・・Caps; Plugs

B01L 2300/043 ・・・Hinged closures

B01L 2300/044 ・・・pierceable, e.g. films, membranes

B01L 2300/045 ・・・whereby the whole cover is slidable

B01L 2300/046 ・・Function or devices integrated in the closure

B01L 2300/047 ・・・Additional chamber, reservoir

B01L 2300/048 ・・・enabling gas exchange, e.g. vents

B01L 2300/049 ・・・Valves integrated in closure

B01L 2300/06 ・Auxiliary integrated devices, integrated components

B01L 2300/0609 ・・Holders integrated in container to position an object

B01L 2300/0618 ・・・for removable separation walls

B01L 2300/0627 ・・Sensor or part of a sensor is integrated

B01L 2300/0636 ・・・Integrated biosensor, microarrays

B01L 2300/0645 ・・・Electrodes

B01L 2300/0654 ・・・Lenses; Optical fibres

B01L 2300/0663 ・・・Whole sensors

B01L 2300/0672 ・・Integrated piercing tool

B01L 2300/0681 ・・Filter

B01L 2300/069 ・・Absorbents; Gels to retain a fluid

B01L 2300/08 ・Geometry, shape and general structure

B01L 2300/0803 ・・Disc shape

B01L 2300/0806 ・・・Standardised forms, e.g. compact disc (CD) format

B01L 2300/0809 ・・rectangular shaped

B01L 2300/0812 ・・・Bands; Tapes

B01L 2300/0816 ・・・Cards, e.g. flat sample carriers usually with flow in two horizontal directions

B01L 2300/0819 ・・・Microarrays; Biochips

B01L 2300/0822 ・・・Slides

B01L 2300/0825 ・・・Test strips

B01L 2300/0829 ・・・Multi-well plates; Microtitration plates

B01L 2300/0832 ・・cylindrical, tube shaped

B01L 2300/0835 ・・・Ampoules

B01L 2300/0838 ・・・Capillaries

B01L 2300/0841 ・・・Drums

B01L 2300/0845 ・・・Filaments, strings, fibres, i.e. not hollow

B01L 2300/0848 ・・Specific forms of parts of containers

B01L 2300/0851 ・・・Bottom walls

B01L 2300/0854 ・・・Double walls

B01L 2300/0858 ・・・Side walls

B01L 2300/0861 ・・Configuration of multiple channels and/or chambers in a single devices

B01L 2300/0864 ・・・comprising only one inlet and multiple receiving wells, e.g. for separation, splitting

B01L 2300/0867 ・・・Multiple inlets and one sample wells, e.g. mixing, dilution

B01L 2300/087 ・・・Multiple sequential chambers

B01L 2300/0874 ・・・Three dimensional network

B01L 2300/0877 ・・・Flow chambers

B01L 2300/088 ・・・Channel loops

B01L 2300/0883 ・・・Serpentine channels

B01L 2300/0887 ・・Laminated structure

B01L 2300/089 ・・Virtual walls for guiding liquids

B01L 2300/0893 ・・having a very large number of wells, microfabricated wells

B01L 2300/0896 ・・Nano scaled

B01L 2300/10 ・Means to control humidity and/or other gases

B01L 2300/105 ・・using desiccants

B01L 2300/12 ・Specific details about materials

B01L 2300/123 ・・Flexible; Elastomeric

B01L 2300/126 ・・Paper

B01L 2300/14 ・Means for pressure control

B01L 2300/16 ・Surface properties and coatings

B01L 2300/161 ・・Control and use of surface tension forces, e.g. hydrophobic, hydrophilic

B01L 2300/163 ・・・Biocompatibility

B01L 2300/165 ・・・Specific details about hydrophobic, oleophobic surfaces

B01L 2300/166 ・・・・Suprahydrophobic; Ultraphobic; Lotus-effect

B01L 2300/168 ・・Specific optical properties, e.g. reflective coatings

B01L 2300/18 ・Means for temperature control

B01L 2300/1805 ・・Conductive heating, heat from thermostatted solids is conducted to receptacles, e.g. heating plates, blocks

B01L 2300/1811 ・・・using electromagnetic induction heating

B01L 2300/1816 ・・・using induction heating

B01L 2300/1822 ・・・using Peltier elements

B01L 2300/1827 ・・・using resistive heater

B01L 2300/1833 ・・using electrical currents in the sample itself

B01L 2300/1838 ・・using fluid heat transfer medium

B01L 2300/1844 ・・・using fans

B01L 2300/185 ・・・using a liquid as fluid

B01L 2300/1855 ・・using phase changes in a medium

B01L 2300/1861 ・・using radiation

B01L 2300/1866 ・・・Microwaves

B01L 2300/1872 ・・・Infrared light

B01L 2300/1877 ・・using chemical reactions

B01L 2300/1883 ・・using thermal insulation

B01L 2300/1888 ・・Pipettes or dispensers with temperature control

B01L 2300/1894 ・・Cooling means; Cryo cooling

B01L 2400/00 Moving or stopping fluids

B01L 2400/02 ・Drop detachment mechanisms of single droplets from nozzles or pins

B01L 2400/021 ・・non contact spotting by inertia, i.e. abrupt deceleration of the nozzle or pin

B01L 2400/022 ・・droplet contacts the surface of the receptacle

B01L 2400/024 ・・・touch-off at the side wall of the receptacle

B01L 2400/025 ・・・tapping tip on substrate

B01L 2400/027 ・・electrostatic forces between substrate and tip

B01L 2400/028 ・・Pin is moved through a ring which is filled with a fluid

B01L 2400/04 ・Moving fluids with specific forces or mechanical means

B01L 2400/0403 ・・specific forces

B01L 2400/0406 ・・・capillary forces

B01L 2400/0409 ・・・centrifugal forces

B01L 2400/0412 ・・・・using additionally coriolis forces

B01L 2400/0415 ・・・electrical forces, e.g. electrokinetic

B01L 2400/0418 ・・・・electro-osmotic flow (EOF)

B01L 2400/0421 ・・・・electrophoretic flow

B01L 2400/0424 ・・・・Dielectrophoretic forces

B01L 2400/0427 ・・・・Electrowetting

B01L 2400/043 ・・・magnetic forces

B01L 2400/0433 ・・・vibrational forces

B01L 2400/0436 ・・・・acoustic forces, e.g. surface acoustic waves (SAW)

B01L 2400/0439 ・・・・ultrasonic vibrations, vibrating piezo elements

B01L 2400/0442 ・・・thermal energy, e.g. vaporisation, bubble jet

B01L 2400/0445 ・・・・Natural or forced convection

B01L 2400/0448 ・・・・Marangoni flow; Thermocapillary effect

B01L 2400/0451 ・・・・Thermophoresis; Thermodiffusion; Soret-effect

B01L 2400/0454 ・・・radiation pressure, optical tweezers

B01L 2400/0457 ・・・passive flow or gravitation

B01L 2400/046 ・・・Chemical or electrochemical formation of bubbles

B01L 2400/0463 ・・・Hydrodynamic forces, venturi nozzles

B01L 2400/0466 ・・・Evaporation to induce underpressure

B01L 2400/0469 ・・・Buoyancy

B01L 2400/0472 ・・・Diffusion

B01L 2400/0475 ・・specific mechanical means and fluid pressure

B01L 2400/0478 ・・・pistons

B01L 2400/0481 ・・・squeezing of channels or chambers

B01L 2400/0484 ・・・Cantilevers

B01L 2400/0487 ・・・fluid pressure, pneumatics

B01L 2400/049 ・・・・vacuum

B01L 2400/0493 ・・Specific techniques used

B01L 2400/0496 ・・・Travelling waves, e.g. in combination with electrical or acoustic forces

B01L 2400/06 ・Valves, specific forms thereof

B01L 2400/0605 ・・check valves

B01L 2400/0611 ・・・duck bill valves

B01L 2400/0616 ・・・Ball valves

B01L 2400/0622 ・・distribution valves, valves having multiple inlets and/or outlets, e.g. metering valves, multi-way valves

B01L 2400/0627 ・・Molecular gates forcing or inhibiting diffusion

B01L 2400/0633 ・・with moving parts

B01L 2400/0638 ・・・membrane valves, flap valves

B01L 2400/0644 ・・・rotary valves

B01L 2400/065 ・・・sliding valves

B01L 2400/0655 ・・・pinch valves

B01L 2400/0661 ・・・shape memory polymer valves

B01L 2400/0666 ・・・Solenoid valves

B01L 2400/0672 ・・・Swellable plugs

B01L 2400/0677 ・・phase change valves; Meltable, freezing, dissolvable plugs; Destructable barriers

B01L 2400/0683 ・・・mechanically breaking a wall or membrane within a channel or chamber

B01L 2400/0688 ・・surface tension valves, capillary stop, capillary break

B01L 2400/0694 ・・vents used to stop and induce flow, backpressure valves

B01L 2400/08 ・Regulating or influencing the flow resistance

B01L 2400/082 ・・Active control of flow resistance, e.g. flow controllers

B01L 2400/084 ・・Passive control of flow resistance

B01L 2400/086 ・・・using baffles or other fixed flow obstructions

B01L 2400/088 ・・・by specific surface properties